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FRONT PAGE
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INDEX
■ Acknowledgement
■ Meaning of Disaster
■ Types of Disaster
■ Natural Disaster
■ Man-Made Disaster
■ Preparedness
■ Bibliography
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my special thanks and gratitude to my teacher Miss Shalini Barnwal who gave me the golden opportunity to do this excellent project F on the topic of Disaster Management which also helped me in doing a lot of research and I came to know about so many things.
WHAT IS DISASTER?
A disaster is serious. disruption occurring over a short" or long period, that causes widespread human, material, and economic or environmental loss which exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources. Developing countries suffer the greatest costs when a disaster hits - more than 95% of all deaths caused by hazards occur) in developing countries, and losses due to natural hazards and 20 times greater (as a percentage of (GDP) in developing countries than in industrialised countries. No matter what society disasters, occur in, they tend to induce change in government and social file
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FRONT PAGE
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NATURAL DISASTER
■ A natural disaster is a major adverse event caused by the natural processes of the Earth consisting of floods, hurricanes, earthquakes, tornadoes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis and other geologic processes. natural disaster causes loss of life or property damage and leaves some economic damage afterwards costing millions.
■ Human activities also make causes of natural disasters, such as climate change and deforestation.
■ It is the damage to humans and their property which count most.
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EXAMPLES OF NATURAL DISASTER
FLOOD
A Food is an overflow of water that submerges land and that is actually dry. Floods caused by the overflowing of rivers. The rivers Brahmaputra in Assam, Kori in Bihar and Mahanadi in Orissa cause particularly severe floods
CYCLONES
Tropical storms called cyclones usually originate. over the oceams. They are called hurricames in. the western Atlantic. A hurricane has a region. Jou atmospheric pressure with high speed working winds around it.
AVALANCHE
An avalanche (also called a snowslide) is an event that occurs when a cohesive slab of snow lying upon a weaker layer of snow fractures and slides down a steep slope .
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EARTHQUAKE
An earthquake (also known as a tremor or temblor) is the shaking of the surface of the Earth resulting from a sudden release of energy in the Earth's lithosphere that creates seismic waves
Measuring Earthquakes
Seismic focus:- The point below the Earth's surface where the vibrations of an earthquake begin it called the seismic focus.
Epicentre: The point on the earth's surface. directly above the focus, it is called the epicentre
Steps taken to safe from an earthquake
■ get away from glass objects, window things that can fell, and then drop and hold
■If we are indoors, crawl under a table or a bed .
■During an earthquake, do not use lift.
■If we are outdoors, move away from buildings, trees, poles etc.
■Install flexible pipe fittings to avoid gas and water leaks .
■Be careful when driving after an earthquake and anticipate light outages.
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INSTRUMENT USED FOR MEASURING EARTHQUAKES
Seismograph:- The instrument used for recording and measuring the vibrations of an earthquake.
Richter scale:- The magnitude of an earthquake depends on the energy released. It is measured, usually from 0 to 10, on a scale called the Richter scale.
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MAN-MADE DISASTER
Man-made disasters are disasters due to result of human intent, negligence or involving a failure of a man-made system that leads to human activities suffering and environmental damage . Man-made disasters are the consequence of technological or human hazards, fires transport accidents, industrial accidents, oil spills and nuclear explosions/radiation are some examples resulting the human hazards. Man has cut forests recklessly to clear the land for cultivation and along with this environmental degradation has taken place, which also affects human Life .
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EXAMPLES OF MAN-MADE DISASTER
INDUSTRIAL AND NUCLEAR ACCIDENTS.
The disaster made by industries and nuclear accidents is called Industrial and nuclear accidents. For example In Bhopal in 1984 where Methyl isocyanate, a poisonous gas leaked from the Union Carbide India Limited plant.
TERRORISM
Disasters that caused by the terrorists are known as Terrorism. For example, the terrorists attack on the Taj Hotel in Mumbi m 25 November 2009.
TRAVEL RELATED ACCIDENTS
Disasters that taken place when travelling in cars, trains, and buses are called Travel Related Accidents Deaths of people and loss of vehicles or any other things due to this .
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FIRES
fires accidents one not very common But when they take place they cause great alarm and destruction and sometimes loss of life Fires in buildings are caused mainly by faulty electrical equipment and wiring, faulty stoves, leakage of cooking gas and carelessly thrown matches or cigarettes .
STEP TAKEN TO SAFE FROM FIRE
■ If the fire is small, we should extinguish it. with the help of a fire extinguisher or sand.
■ If anyone's clothes catch fire say them to roll. on the ground.
■ Matches, lighters and inflammable substances should be stored carefully and away from children.
■ Take care that stoves should be checked and cleaned, and gas pipes and regulators should be off.
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DISASTER PREPAREDNESS AND MANAGEMENT
Disaster management consists of steps taken before, during and after. a disaster to reduce the suffering and damage caused by it.
PREPAREDNESS IN THE GOVERNMENT
■ Build shelters, and stock equipment, food, clothing and medicines.
■ Set up organisations to forecast floods, droughts.. etc.
■ build enhancements and dams for flood control , plant trees in coastal areas for breaking the "flow of storm, water and winds .
■ These include Red Cross, some agencies of the United Nations, and non-governmental.
PREPAREDNESS IN THE FAMILY
■ Be aware of the hazards in your area and teaches every member of the family to react to this.
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■ Teach family members how to call emergency services and how to out off the gas and electricity
■ Prepare an emergency kit and keep it in a convenient place known to all family members.
PREPARING & AN EMERGENCY KIT
■ An emergency kit should have water and dry food to last for at least 3 to 4 days.
■ It should have first aid box that has antiseptics, medicine etc..
■ It should have a torch, radio, batteries, candles, matches, clothes etc
■ Food, medicines and clothing should be rapped in waterproof material.
■ The kit should be packed and & kept in an easily accessible place
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I have taken all this information from books, newspapers and internet websites .
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/
youtube channel " nty zone "
VIDEO
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